Task One- Editing In Early Cinema

Development In editing 

The first person that i'll talking about is  Thomas Edison. He ran a film laboratory where the Kinetographic camera and the Kinetoscope were invented in June 1889. In addition he developed the 35mm film strip that came industry standard. Further more he also help develop a projector to play it.


Secondly, i'll be talking about the The Lumiere Brothers. Edison worked with the brothers and they both produced short films that were one long, static, locked-down shot. Having motion was necessary to amuse the audience, so the first simply showed activity such as traffic moving on a city street. This lead to more developments in future movies. You can see this in the film Sortie 'usine in (1895) , which was produce by the Brothers.                   





The third person that will be talking about is G.A. Smith. In 1899 he made a film called 'The kiss in the tennel'. It was said it was the start of narrative editing. Furthermore he took advantage a brief moment on set, by cutting/splicing two clips together.


The fourth person that i'll be talking about is George Melies. He watch the Lumier brothes  growing up. Then he went onto building a studio and began writing scripts. Whilst filming, it never ocurred to him about close-ups. Soon after hes work was overlook which forced him out of bunisness and in the long run lead to his death.

The group that i'll be talking about are Porter and Edison. They both work with each other to create long and intresting flims. They made a break throught film 'Life of an American', in 1903. It was the frist film to have a plot and action, also it included a close-up of a fire alarm being pulled. They also spliced shots together to show a contextual relationship. They also went onto making another film called 'The Great Train Robery'.  




Another person that i'll be talking about is Charles Pathe. He is well know for his film 'The horse that bolted', in 1907. He introduced a technipue called parallel editing.

Finally, the last person that i'll be talking about is DW Griffith. He was a US film director and was one of the supporters of the power of editing. He used cross-cutting to show parallel action in diffrent locations. He was one of the frist of the early directors to use editing techniques.



















          

Task Twelve – Transitions and Effects

There are many different transitions and effects. Some are used alot and some are not.


A straight cut is the most common one that is used.  One shot moves so quickly, the viewers don't notice it.

Dissolves are used to fade clips out or in. By doing this the viewers will see both shots at the mid-point. By doing this it suggest that time has passed by.

Fades are like dissolves but is only used in the same shot.They tend to go from light  to dark or from dark to light. It is used to represent the start of somthing.

Wipes are used for pushing images of the screen and shows the viwers they are going to shown a new location.


A graphic match is two show the viewer thats this very important. Also it is a very specialised transition.
Following the action is simply where the camera needs to be able to move, such as if there was a car crash the camera needs to be able to keep up with it.
Furthermore, having 'Points of View', it will enable the viewer to connect with the actor, allowing them to get a look into the actor is doing from thier view.
In addition, having a good shot variation will allow the viwer to see everthing in a different prospective.


Manipulation of time and space is a really important effect. This can be used as a flashback to show a certain memory. By doing this you'll be able to change your colour filter to so your flashback/flashforward.

Task Thirteen – Manipulating Time and Space

In this task we had to use some effects such as colour filters. We would a range of cuts. Furthermore we also used a flash forward to create tension.

Task Eleven - Creating Pace with Cross Cutting

In this task we had to use the effects of Pace Editing to use them in our own piece of Pace editing.

Task Ten – Understanding Pace

• Engaging the viewer
• Speed of Editing
• Cross Cutting
• Cutaways
• Creating Pace
• Development of drama

The purpose of pace editing is to engage the viewer. To this the movie must set a certain speed. By doing this it will set-up the viewer up for the rest of the movie.

The speed of editing is to set- up the viewer. For example, if the film lots of cuts init and was fast paced, its goal will be creating excitement for the viewers to keep them interested.     

Cross Cutting is to edit and put two different clips together, to show the viewer that the two clips are connected. It also shows that somthing is happening in the same shot.

Cutaways are not really used to create any drama for it self, but they are used to set up a longer sequence. Furthermore editors would use this to relate to the main action/plot.

Creating is used to speed up ot slow down a film. By doing this it can change the audiences views on the film itself. Some examples are that action films tend to be fast paced, where in comparison to romantic films, they tend to be slow paced.


The devlopment has come along way due to the fact in early stages of filming, ever thing was done in a single shot. In addition it wasn't until 1903 where editing was used to create longer films, one example of this is 'A life of an American fireman'.

Task Nine: Non-Continuity Editing

A director would choose to use non-continuity editing is because it was self-reflexive which allowed the viewer that they were watching a film. It is more widely accepted because it used material not related to any narrative, this was so that the audience was surprised and intrigued.

  The Hunger Games - Gary Ross - Breaking the 180 Degree Rule;
Gary Ross breaks the 180degree rule because it shows more of the room. This allows the viewer to get an insight how she doesn't feel right. He could of used this to show us that something is wrong. 










The Shining - Stanley Kubrick - Breaking the 180 Degree Rule
Stanley Kubrick breaks the 180degree rule because it shows that he wants to keep the audience intrigued. 










A Bout de Soufflé - Jean-Luc Goddard - Jump Cut;
Jean-Luc Goddard uses a jump cut to startle the viewer and draw attention to something, this gets the viewer think what could happen next. 

Task Eight – Using Continuity Editing Techniques

In this piece of editing we used different techniques to help us. 

We used, Match on Action, Eye-line  Match Shot, Reverse Shot and the 180 degree rule. We used Match on action to make the filming for realistic instead of skipping it. The eye match gives us a look at what the actor is looking at. By doing this it allows the audience to feel what the actor is experiencing. This is to link two shots together this will allow to audience to connect with the actors which shows the actors interacting with each other. We used 180degree rule to show the left and right relationship and that we didn't cross the line. We didn't use the point of view shot.